As someone who struggled in their academic studies in the past, I find self-efficacy from the theory of social learning particularly interesting. Self-efficacy describes a link between learning and motivation. Someone with a stronger sense of self-efficacy is more motivated and puts more effort since they believe there will be positive outcomes from all that work. For example, that their goals will be attained or that the difficult task will be accomplished. This same person is likely to challenge difficult tasks and stick to it. They will experience setbacks just like anyone else, but will likely see them something that can be worked on to be fixed or overcome- instead of setbacks being out of their control and thereby things that will never change. Hence, the link back to motivation and effort. It is not because this higher self-efficate group is less lazy, more hardworking, or smarter. It is because they believe their efforts will amount to what they intended and hoped for, eve...
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